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Garrulus glandarius glandarius Linnaeus, 1758

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Garrulus glandarius glandarius Linnaeus, 1758
Common names : Eurasian Jay [En], Geai des chênes [Fr], Gaai [Nl], Eichelhäher [De], Ghiandaia [It] , Arrendajo, Gayo [Sp], Κίσσα [Gr], Bayağı alakarga [Tu]

Hamoir, LIEGE ● Belgium

Description: The Eurasian Jay is a species of bird occurring over a vast region from Western Europe and north-west Africa to the eastern seaboard of Asia and down into south-east Asia. Across its vast range, several very distinct racial forms have evolved to look very different from each other, especially when forms at the extremes of its range are compared.

Eight racial groups are recognised by Madge & Burn (1994):
- the nominate group (12 European races), with a streaked crown.
- the cervicalis group (three races in North Africa), with a rufous nape, grey mantle, very pale head sides, and a streaked or black crown.
- the atricapillus group (four races in Middle East, Crimea & Turkey), with a uniform mantle & nape, black crown and very pale face.
- the race hyrcanus (Caspian forests of Iran), small with black forecrown and broadly-streaked hindcrown.
- the brandtii group (four races in Siberia and northern Japan), with a streaked crown, reddish head, dark iris and grey mantle.
- the leucotis group (two races in south-east Asia), with no white in the wing, a white forecrown, black hindcrown and much white on the sides of the head.
- the bispecularis group (six races in the Himalayan region), with an unstreaked rufous crown, and no white wing-patch.
- the japonicus group (four races in the southern Japanese islands), with a large white wing-patch, blackish face and scaled crown.

This jay or Garrulus glandarius glandarius Linnaeus, 1758 is the nominate species. It is part of the glandarius group (samios, anatoliae, iphigenia, krynicki, atricapillus).

Habitat: Deciduous forests, mixed or not with conifers. It is also found in coniferous forests and parks, meadows, gardens near houses. Up to 1400 m above sea level.

Distribution: All Europe, except the most northern parts (Iceland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, northern Norway, Sweden and Russia), North Africa and all continental Asia.
In the coldest part of its range, the jay populations are migratory and move to southern region in autumn.

References:
Madge S. & Burn H. (1999), Crows and Jays, Helm Identification Guides ISBN 978-0713652079.
Wikipedia, Eurasian Jay


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